![]() Scareware pops up on a user's desktop with flashing images or loud alarms, announcing that the computer has been infected. ![]() Many desktop users have encountered scareware, which attempts to frighten the victim into buying unnecessary software or providing their financial data. The most recent category of malware is ransomware, which garnered headlines in 20 when ransomware infections encrypted the computer systems of major organizations and thousands of individual users around the globe. As the name implies, ransomware demands that users pay a ransom-usually in bitcoin or other cryptocurrency-to regain access to their computer. Unfortunately, it replicated itself quickly and soon spread across the internet. A graduate student created the first worm (the Morris worm) in 1988 as an intellectual exercise. Unlike a virus, a worm spreads by exploiting a vulnerability in the infected system or through email as an attachment masquerading as a legitimate file. A worm is a standalone program that can self-replicate and spread over a network. Malware categories include the following:
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